Sisebenzisa iikuki ukuphucula amava akho.Ngokuqhubeka ukhangela le sayithi uyavuma ukusebenzisa iikuki.Ingcaciso eyongezelelekileyo.
Inkonzo enzulu ayinayo inkcazo esemthethweni.Ingacingelwa ukuba ibhekisela kwiimeko zokusebenza apho ukutshintshwa kwevalve kubiza okanye kunciphisa amandla enkqubo.
Kukho imfuneko yehlabathi jikelele yokunciphisa iindleko zokuvelisa inkqubo yokuphucula inzuzo kuwo onke amashishini abandakanya iimeko zenkonzo enzima.Ezi zivela kwi-oyile kunye negesi kunye ne-petrochemicals kwi-nyukliya kunye nokuveliswa kwamandla, ukusetyenzwa kwamaminerali kunye nokumbiwa kwemigodi.
Abaqulunqi kunye neenjineli basebenzela ukufezekisa oku ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo.Eyona ndlela ifanelekileyo kukwandisa ixesha kunye nokusebenza ngokufanelekileyo ngokulawulwa okusebenzayo kweeparitha zenkqubo ezifana nokuvalwa okusebenzayo kunye nokulawula ukuhamba kakuhle.
Ukulungiswa kokhuseleko kwakhona kudlala indima ebalulekileyo, njengoko ukutshintshwa okumbalwa kunokukhokelela kwindawo yokuvelisa ekhuselekileyo.Ukongezelela, inkampani izama ukunciphisa i-inventory yezixhobo, kuquka iimpompo kunye neevalve, kunye nokuphathwa okufunekayo.Ngexesha elifanayo, abanini beziko balindele. Ingeniso enkulu kwii-asethi zabo. Ngenxa yoko, ukonyuka kwamandla okusebenza kubangela imibhobho embalwa (kodwa inkulu) imibhobho kunye nesixhobo sokuhamba kwemveliso efanayo kunye neemitha ezimbalwa.
Oku kuphakamisa ukuba ukongeza ekubeni ube mkhulu kwiidayamitha zemibhobho ebanzi, amacandelo enkqubo nganye kufuneka amelane nokuvezwa ixesha elide kwiimeko ezirhabaxa ukuze kuncitshiswe imfuno yokugcinwa kunye nokutshintshwa kwasemsebenzini.
Amacandelo, kubandakanywa iivalve kunye neebhola, kufuneka zibe zomelele ukuze zihambelane nesicelo esifunwayo, kodwa kwakhona zibonelela ngobomi benkonzo eyandisiweyo.Nangona kunjalo, ingxaki enkulu kwizicelo ezininzi kukuba amacandelo esinyithi afikelele kwimida yokusebenza kwawo. fumana iindlela ezizezinye kwimathiriyeli engeyiyo eyentsimbi, ngakumbi imathiriyeli yeseramikhi, ukwenzela izicelo zenkonzo ezibango.
Imilinganiselo eqhelekileyo efunekayo ukuze kusebenze amacandelo phantsi kweemeko zenkonzo eqatha ibandakanya ukuxhathisa kukothuka kwe-thermal, ukuxhathisa ku-corrosion, ukumelana nokudinwa, ukuqina, ukomelela kunye nokuqina.
Ukomelela yiparameter engundoqo njengoko amacandelo angaphantsi angaphumeleli angakwazi ukusilela kwi-catastrophically.Ukuqina kwesixhobo se-ceramic kuchazwa njengokumelana nokusabalalisa i-crack.Kwezinye iimeko kunokulinganiswa ngokusebenzisa indlela yokufakela, okukhokelela kwixabiso eliphezulu.Ukusebenzisa enye -i-sided notch beam ibonelela ngemilinganiselo echanekileyo.
Amandla anxulumene nokuqina, kodwa abhekiselele kwindawo enye apho izinto zisilela kwintlekele xa kugxininisekile. ukulinganisa kwibha yovavanyo.Uvavanyo lwamanqaku amathathu lubonelela nge-1% amaxabiso aphezulu kunovavanyo lwamanqaku amane.
Nangona ubunzima bunokulinganiswa kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo ezibandakanya i-Rockwell kunye ne-Vickers, i-Vickers microhardness scale ifaneleka kakuhle kwizinto eziphambili ze-ceramic.
Kwii-valve ezisebenza ngendlela ye-cyclic, ukukhathala kuyingxaki enkulu ngenxa yokuvulwa ngokuqhubekayo kunye nokuvalwa kwe-valve.Ukukhathala kungumda wamandla ngaphaya kokuba into ivame ukungaphumeleli ngaphantsi kwamandla ayo aqhelekileyo.
Ukuxhatshazwa kwe-Corrosion kuxhomekeke kwindawo yokusebenza kunye neendaba eziqulethe izinto eziphathekayo.Izixhobo ezininzi ze-ceramic eziphuculweyo zigqithise isinyithi kule ndawo, ngaphandle kwezinye izinto ezisekelwe kwi-zirconia "ezihlaziywa nge-hydrothermally" xa zibonakaliswe kwi-steam ephezulu yokushisa.
Inxalenye yejometri, i-coefficient yokwandiswa kwe-thermal, i-thermal conductivity, ukuqina, kunye namandla onke achaphazelekayo yi-thermal shock.Le yindawo ekhuthaza ukuhanjiswa kwe-thermal ephezulu kunye nokuqina, kwaye ngoko ke, iinxalenye zetsimbi zisebenza ngokufanelekileyo.Nangona kunjalo, inkqubela phambili kwizinto ze-ceramic ngoku bonelela ngemigangatho eyamkelekileyo yokuxhathisa ukothuka kwe-thermal.
Iiseramics eziphucukileyo zisetyenzisiwe iminyaka emininzi kwaye zithandwa phakathi kweenjineli ezithembekileyo, iinjineli zezityalo kunye nabayili bevalve abafuna ukusebenza okuphezulu kunye nexabiso.Kuxhomekeke kwiimfuno ezithile zesicelo, kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuqulunqa ezifanelekileyo kumashishini ahlukeneyo.Nangona kunjalo, iiseramics ezine eziphambili. ngokubaluleka kwintsimi yeevalvu zenkonzo ezinzima, kwaye ziquka i-silicon carbide (SiC), i-silicon nitride (i-Si3N4), i-alumina kunye ne-zirconia.I-valve kunye nezixhobo zebhola zevalve zikhethwa ngokusekelwe kwiimfuno ezithile zesicelo.
Kukho iindlela ezimbini eziphambili ze-zirconia ezisetyenziswa kwiivalvu ezine-coefficient efanayo yokwandiswa kwe-thermal kunye nokuqina njengentsimbi.I-Magnesia i-zirconia engaphelelanga (i-Mg-PSZ) inokumelana nokutshatyalaliswa kwe-thermal kunye nokuqina, ngelixa i-yttria tetragonal zirconia polycrystalline (Y-TZP) ) inzima kodwa ithanda ukuthotywa kwe-hydrothermal.
I-Silicon Nitride (i-Si3N4) ifumaneka ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. I-Gas Pressure Sintered Silicon Nitride (GPPSN) yinto esetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwiivalve kunye namacandelo e-valve, enika ubunzima obuphezulu kunye namandla, ukuxhathisa ukutshatyalaliswa kwe-thermal kunye nokuzinza kwe-thermal ngaphezu kobunzima obuphakathi. Ukongeza, i-Si3N4 ibonelela ngokufanelekileyo endaweni ye-zirconia kwindawo yobushushu obuphezulu be-steam, ukuthintela ukuthotywa kwe-hydrothermal.
Ngenxa yohlahlo lwabiwo-mali oluqinileyo, abachazi banokukhetha kwi-SiC okanye i-Alumina.Zombini izinto ezinobunzima obuphezulu, kodwa azinamandla kune-zirconia okanye i-silicon nitride.Oku kubonisa ukuba ezi zixhobo zifaneleke kakuhle kwizicelo ze-static component ezifana ne-valve bushings kunye nezihlalo, kunokuba iibhola zoxinzelelo oluphezulu okanye iidiski.
Izixhobo ze-ceramic eziphucukileyo zinokuqina okuphantsi kunye namandla afanayo kunezixhobo zetsimbi ezisetyenziselwa usetyenziso olunzima lwevalvu yenkonzo, kubandakanya i-chromium iron (CrFe), tungsten carbide, Hastelloy kunye neStellite.
Izicelo zenkonzo ezibukhali zibandakanya ukusetyenziswa kweevalve ezijikelezayo ezifana ne-butterfly valves, i-trunnions, i-valve yebhola edadayo kunye nemithombo.Kwizicelo ezinjalo, i-Si3N4 kunye ne-zirconia inikezela ukuxhathisa ukutshatyalaliswa kwe-thermal, ukuqina kunye namandla okumelana neendawo ezinzima kakhulu.Ngenxa yobunzima kunye nokumelana nokugqwala. yezinto eziphathekayo, ubomi benkonzo yamacandelo buphindwe kaninzi ngaphezu kwamacandelo esinyithi.Ezinye izibonelelo zibandakanya iimpawu zokusebenza zevalve phezu kobomi bayo obuncedo, ngakumbi kwiindawo apho ukuvala amandla kunye nokulawula kugcinwa.
Oku kuboniswa ekusetyenzisweni kwe-65 mm (2.6 in) yevalve ye-kynar/RTFE ibhola kunye ne-liner evezwe kwi-98% ye-sulfuric acid kunye ne-ilmenite, eguqulwa ibe yi-titanium oxide pigment. Ihlala ukuya kwiiveki ezintandathu. Nangona kunjalo, usebenzisa i-valve ye-valve trim (Umfanekiso 1) owenziwe kwi-Nilcra!", I-magnesia yobunini i-zirconia encinci (i-Mg-PSZ) ebonelela ngobulukhuni obugqwesileyo kunye nokumelana nokubola, inika inkonzo yeminyaka emithathu engaphazamisekiyo ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka. ukunxiba okubonakalayo.
Kwiivalvu ezinqamlekileyo ezibandakanya i-angle, i-throttle okanye i-globe valves, i-zirconia kunye ne-silicon nitride zifanelekile zombini iplagi kunye nesihlalo ngenxa yendalo "yesitulo esinzima" sale mveliso. Ngokufanayo, i-aluminium oxide ingasetyenziswa kwezinye iiliner kunye neekheji. yokutywina inokufezekiswa ngokuthelekisa iibhola zokusila kwisihlalo sevalve.
Kwimibhobho yevalve, kubandakanywa iplagi yevalvu, indawo yokungena kunye ne-outlet, okanye i-bushings yomzimba, naziphi na izinto ezine zeceramic ezingundoqo zingasetyenziswa ngokuxhomekeke kwiimfuno zesicelo. ubomi bemveliso.
Thatha, umzekelo, i-valve ye-butterfly ye-DN150 esetyenziswe kwi-bauxite yokucoca i-bauxite yase-Australia. Umxholo ophezulu we-silica weendaba ungabangela amanqanaba aphezulu okugqoka kwi-valve bushings.I-liners yasekuqaleni kunye neediski zenziwe nge-28% CrFe alloy kwaye zazisetyenziselwa kuphela. Iiveki ezisi-8 ukuya kwezi-10. Nangona kunjalo, ngeevalvu ezenziwe nge-Nilcra!
Ngenxa yokuqina kunye namandla, iikeramics zisebenza kakuhle kwiinkqubo ezininzi ze-valve.Nangona kunjalo, bubunzima babo kunye nokuxhatshazwa kwe-corrosion okufaka isandla kwixesha elide le-valve.Oku kunciphisa iindleko zobomi jikelele ngokunciphisa ixesha lokunciphisa iindawo ezitshintshileyo, ukunciphisa imali yokusebenza. kunye ne-inventory, ukunciphisa ukuphathwa ngesandla, kunye nokuphucula ukhuseleko ngokuvuza okumbalwa.
Ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ze-ceramic kwii-valve zoxinzelelo oluphezulu kudala enye yezona zinto zixhalabisayo kuba ezi zivalo zixhomekeke kwimithwalo ephezulu ye-axial okanye i-torsional.
Esinye isithintelo esikhulu kubukhulu.Isihlalo esikhulu kunye nebhola enkulu (Umfanekiso 3) oveliswe kwi-zirconia ye-magnesia ngokuyinxenye i-DN500 kunye ne-DN250, ngokulandelanayo.Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lwabacacisi okwangoku bakhetha iiseramics kumacandelo ala masayizi.
Nangona izixhobo ze-ceramic ngoku zibonakaliswe ukuba zikhethwa ngokufanelekileyo, ezinye izikhokelo ezilula kufuneka zilandelwe ukwandisa ukusebenza kwazo.Izixhobo zeCeramic kufuneka zisetyenziswe kuqala xa kuyimfuneko ukunciphisa iindleko.Iikona ezibukhali kunye nokugxininiswa koxinzelelo kufuneka kugwenywe zombini ngaphakathi kwaye ngaphandle.
Nakuphi na ukungafani kokwandiswa kwe-thermal kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo ngexesha lesigaba soyilo.Ukunciphisa uxinzelelo lwe-hoop, kuyimfuneko ukugcina i-ceramic ngaphandle, kungekhona ngaphakathi. inokongeza ixabiso elibalulekileyo nelingeyomfuneko.
Ngokulandela ezi zikhokelo kunye neendlela ezifanelekileyo zokukhetha izixhobo kunye nokulungelelanisa nababoneleli ukususela ekuqaleni kweprojekthi, isisombululo esifanelekileyo sinokufezekiswa kuzo zonke izicelo ezinzulu zenkonzo.
Olu lwazi luvela kwizinto eziphathekayo, ukuphononongwa kunye nohlengahlengiso olunikezwa nguMorgan Advanced Materials.
IMorgan Advanced Materials – Technical Ceramics.(Novemba 28, 2019).Imathiriyeli yeceramic ephucukileyo yokufuna izicelo zenkonzo.AZOM.Ibuyiswe nge-14 kaJanuwari 2022 ukusuka https://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=12305.
IMorgan Advanced Materials-Technical Ceramics.”IziXhobo zeCeramic ezikwiNgcaciso yeSicelo seNkonzo eNcinci”.AZOM.NgoJanuwari 14, 2022..
IMorgan Advanced Materials – iiCeramics zobuGcisa.”IziXhobo zeCeramic eziPhakamileyo zeSicelo seNkonzo eNgqwabalala”.AZOM.https://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=12305.(Ifike nge-14 kaJanuwari 2022).
IMorgan Advanced Materials-Technical Ceramics.2019. Izixhobo eziPhezulu zeCeramic kwi-Harsh Service Applications.AZoM, ifikeleleke nge-14 kaJanuwari 2022, https://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=12305.
Kulo dliwano-ndlebe, i-AZoM ithetha no-Mohamed Rahaman, iYunivesithi yaseMissouri yeSayensi kunye neTekhnoloji uNjingalwazi we-Emeritus weSayensi yezeNzululwazi kunye nobuNjineli, malunga ne-bioceramics kunye nokusetyenziswa kwabo okunokwenzeka kubunjineli be-biomedical.
I-AZoM yathetha noDkt Iolanda Duarte kunye noJulian Moura malunga nophando lwabo, oluqwalasela ubukho be-extremophile flora kwiipaneli ze-photovoltaic.
I-AZoM ithethe noNjingalwazi u-Andrea Fratalocchi ovela e-KAUST malunga nophando lwakhe, olugxile kwimiba yamalahle eyayingaqondwa ngaphambili.
Ukusetyenziswa okungafanelekanga kwegrisi kunokukhokelela kwiintsilelo ezininzi zokuzala.Nge-40% yobomi bokuzala akwanelanga ukubonelela ngexabiso lobunjineli bayo, i-underlubrication kunye ne-overlubrication yimimandla ephambili yokubeka iliso.LUBEExpert ikuvumela ukuba usebenzise i-lubricant efanelekileyo kwindawo efanelekileyo ixesha elifanelekileyo.
Le yi-JX Nippon Mining & Metals 'yomgangatho wefoyile yobhedu eqengqelekisiweyo enokuguquguquka okufanelekileyo kunye nokumelana nokungcangcazela.
I-Anton Paar's XRDynamic (XRD) 500 yi-automated multipurpose powder X-ray diffractometer.Sisixhobo se-XRD esisebenzayo nesisebenzayo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jan-15-2022
