Isu tinoshandisa makuki kuwedzera ruzivo rwako.Nekuramba uchitsvaga saiti ino unobvuma kushandisa kwedu makuki.Rumwe ruzivo.
Serious sevhisi haina tsananguro yepamutemo.Inogona kufungidzirwa sekureva mamiriro ekushanda uko kutsiva kwevharuvhu kunodhura kana kuderedza kugona kwekuita.
Pane chido chepasi rose chekuderedza mari yekugadzira nzira yekuvandudza purofiti mumabhizimisi ose anosanganisira mamiriro ebasa rakaoma.Izvi zvinotangira kubva kumafuta negesi uye petrochemicals kusvika kune nyukliya nekugadzira magetsi, mineral processing uye migodhi.
Vagadziri uye mainjiniya vari kushanda kuti vaite izvi nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana.Nzira yakanyatsokodzera ndeyekuwedzera nguva uye kubudirira kuburikidza nekutonga kunobudirira kwemaitiro ekugadzirisa maitiro akadai sekuvhara kunobudirira uye optimized flow control.
Kuchengetedzwa kwekuchengetedza kunobatawo basa rakakosha, sezvo vashoma vanotsiva vanogona kutungamira kune yakachengeteka kugadzirwa nharaunda.Mukuwedzera, kambani iri kuyedza kuderedza kuwanda kwemidziyo, kusanganisira pombi nemavharuvhu, uye inodiwa kubata. Panguva imwecheteyo, varidzi vezvivakwa vanotarisira. Kuchinja kukuru kwezvinhu zvavo.Nekuda kweizvozvo, kuwedzera kwekugadzirisa simba kunoguma kune mashoma (asi dhayamita yakakura) mapaipi nemidziyo yekuyerera kwechigadzirwa chimwe chete nemamita mashoma.
Izvi zvinoratidza kuti pamusoro pekuti ive yakakura kune yakafara madhayamita epombi, masystem ega ega anofanirwa kutsungirira kuratidzwa kwenguva refu kune dzakaoma nharaunda kuderedza kudiwa kwe-in-service kugadzirisa uye kutsiva.
Zvikamu, zvinosanganisira mavharuvhu nemabhora, zvinoda kuva zvakasimba kuti zvienderane nechikumbiro chinodiwa, asiwo zvinopa upenyu hwebasa rakawedzerwa.Zvisinei, dambudziko guru rine maapplication akawanda nderokuti zvikamu zvesimbi zvasvika kumiganhu yezvavanokwanisa kuita.Izvi zvinoratidza kuti vagadziri vangangove vagadziri tsvaga dzimwe nzira dzezvinhu zvisiri zvesimbi, kunyanya zveceramic, zvekushandisa sevhisi inoda.
Mamiriro ezvinhu anodiwa kuti ushandise zvikamu pasi pemamiriro ebasa akanyanya zvinosanganisira kupisa kwekuvhunduka, kusaita ngura, kuramba kuneta, kuoma, kusimba uye kuoma.
Resilience chinhu chakakosha parameter sezvo zvishoma kusimba zvikamu zvinogona kukundikana catastrophically.Kuoma kwezvinhu zveceramic kunotsanangurwa sekupikisa kupararira kwekuputika.Pane dzimwe nguva inogona kuyerwa uchishandisa nzira yekuisa, zvichiita kuti iwane kukosha kwepamusoro.Kushandisa imwe chete. -sided notch beam inopa zviyero zvakarurama.
Simba rine hukama nekuoma, asi rinoreva nzvimbo imwechete iyo chinhu chinokundikana nenjodzi kana kushungurudzika kunoshandiswa.Inowanzonzi "modulus yekuputika" uye inopimwa nekutora katatu-point kana ina-point flexural simba. kuyerwa pane test bar.Iyo yetatu-point test inopa 1% yepamusoro maitiro kupfuura mana-point test.
Kunyange zvazvo kuoma kunogona kuyerwa pazviyero zvakasiyana-siyana zvinosanganisira Rockwell uye Vickers, Vickers microhardness scale inonyatsokodzera zvigadzirwa zveceramic zvemberi.
Mune mavharuvhu anoshanda nenzira ye cyclic, kuneta idambudziko guru nekuda kwekuenderera mberi kwekuvhura uye kuvhara kwevhavha.Kuneta ndiyo chikumbaridzo chesimba kupfuura iyo chinhu chinowanzotadza kutadza pasi pesimba rayo rinowanzo shanduka.
Corrosion resistance inoenderana nemamiriro ekushanda uye midhiya ine zvinhu.Zvinhu zvakawanda zveceramic zvemberi zvinodarika simbi munzvimbo iyi, kunze kwezvimwe zvirconia-based materials izvo "hydrothermally degrade" pazvinenge zvichiratidzwa nepamusoro-tembiricha steam.
Chikamu geometry, coefficient of thermal expansion, thermal conductivity, kuoma, uye simba zvose zvinokanganiswa nekupisa kwekushisa.Iyi inzvimbo inokurudzira high thermal conductivity uye kuoma, uye naizvozvo, zvikamu zvesimbi zvinoshanda zvinobudirira.Zvisinei, kufambira mberi kwezvinhu zveceramic zvino kupa mazinga anogamuchirwa ekupisa kwekutyisa.
Advanced Ceramics ave achishandiswa kwemakore akawanda uye akakurumbira pakati peakavimbika mainjiniya, mainjiniya ezvekudyara uye vagadziri vevharuvhu vanoda kuita kwepamusoro uye kukosha.Zvichienderana nezvinodiwa zvekushandisa, kune maumbirwo akasiyana anokodzera maindasitiri akasiyana-siyana.Zvisinei, makeramiki mana epamusoro ari zvekukosha mumunda wemavharuvhu ebasa rakasimba, uye anosanganisira silicon carbide (SiC), silicon nitride (Si3N4), alumina uye zirconia.Valve uye zvinhu zvebhora revharuvhu zvinosarudzwa zvichienderana nezvinodiwa zvekushandisa.
Pane nzira mbiri huru dze zirconia dzinoshandiswa mumavharuvhu ane coefficient yakafanana yekuwedzera kwekupisa uye kuoma sesimbi.Magnesia partially stabilized zirconia (Mg-PSZ) ine yakanyanya kupisa kuvhunduka uye kusimba, ukuwo yttria tetragonal zirconia polycrystalline (Y-TZP ) yakanyanya kuoma asi inokwanisa kukanganisa hydrothermal.
Silicon Nitride (Si3N4) inowanikwa mune zvakasiyana-siyana.Gas Pressure Sintered Silicon Nitride (GPPSN) ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa zvinhu zvevhavha uye zvikamu zvevhavha, zvinopa kuoma kwepamusoro uye simba, zvakanakisa kupisa kwekushisa kwekushisa uye kugadzikana kwekushisa kuwedzera kune avhareji kuoma. Mukuwedzera, Si3N4 inopa nzvimbo yakakodzera ye zirconia munzvimbo dzakakwirira dzekushisa, kudzivirira kuora kwehydrothermal.
Pamusana pemabhadharo akaoma, vanofananidzira vanogona kusarudza kubva kuSiC kana Alumina.Zvinhu zvose zvine kuoma kwepamusoro, asi hazvina kusimba kudarika zirconia kana silicon nitride.Izvi zvinoratidza kuti zvinhu izvi zvakanyatsokodzera kushandiswa kwezvikamu zve static zvakadai sevhavha bushings uye zvigaro, pane yakakwirira kushushikana mabhora kana discs.
Zvigadzirwa zveceramic zvepamberi zvine kusimba kwakaderera uye simba rakafanana pane simbi yesimbi inoshandiswa mukuomarara sevhisi mavharuvhu maapplication, anosanganisira chromium iron (CrFe), tungsten carbide, Hastelloy uye Stellite.
Hash service applications inosanganisira kushandiswa kwemavharuvhu anotenderera akadai se butterfly valves, trunnions, mavharuvhu ebhora anoyangarara uye zvitubu.Mumaapplication akadaro, Si3N4 ne zirconia zvinopa thermal shock resistance, kuoma uye simba rekumira nemhoteredzo dzakaomarara.Nekuda kwekuoma uye kusagadzikana kwekuora. yezvinyorwa, hupenyu hwebasa hwezvikamu zvakapetwa kakawanda kupfuura zvezvikamu zvesimbi.Zvimwe zvinobatsira zvinosanganisira maitiro ekushanda kwevhavha pamusoro pehupenyu hwayo hunobatsira, kunyanya munzvimbo dzinokwanisa kuvhara uye kutonga kunochengetwa.
Izvi zvinoratidzwa mukushandiswa kwe65 mm (2.6 mu) valve kynar / RTFE bhora uye liner yakazaruka kune 98% sulfuric acid uye ilmenite, iyo iri kuchinjwa kuva titanium oxide pigment. Hunhu hukasha hwepakati hunoreva kuti zvikamu izvi zvinogona kupedzisira kusvika kumavhiki matanhatu.Zvisinei, kushandisa ball valve trim (Figure 1) yakagadzirwa kubva kuNilcra!", a proprietary magnesia partially stabilized zirconia (Mg-PSZ) inopa kuomarara kwakanakisisa uye kusagadzikana kwekuora, inopa makore matatu Basa Risingapindiki pasina chero. zvinoonekwa kupfeka.
Mumavharuvhu emutsara anosanganisira angle, throttle kana globe valves, zirconia uye silicon nitride zvakakodzera kune zvose plug uye chigaro nekuda kwe "chigaro chakaoma" chezvigadzirwa izvi.Saizvozvowo, aluminium oxide inogona kushandiswa mune dzimwe liners uye makeji.A high degree. yekuisa chisimbiso inogona kuwanikwa nekufananidza mabhora ekukuya pachigaro chevharuvhu.
Kune mavharuvhu bushings, kusanganisira valve plug, inlet uye outlet, kana muviri bushings, chero ipi zvayo ina huru ye ceramic zvinhu inogona kushandiswa zvichienderana nezvinodiwa zvekushandiswa.Kuoma kwepamusoro uye kusagadzikana kwekuora kwezvinhu kunoratidza kuti kunobatsira pakushanda uye kushanda. hupenyu hwechigadzirwa.
Tora, semuenzaniso, DN150 butterfly valve inoshandiswa muAustralian bauxite refinery.Iyo yakakwirira silica zvinyorwa zvemashoko zvinogona kukonzera kukwirira kwekupfeka pavhavha bushings.Mainini epakutanga uye discs zvakaitwa ne28% CrFe alloy uye zvakashandiswa chete. 8 kusvika kumavhiki e10. Zvisinei, nemavharuvhu akaitwa naNilcra! "Zirconia (Mufananidzo 2), hupenyu hwebasa hwakawedzera kusvika kumavhiki makumi manomwe.
Nekuda kwekusimba kwavo uye simba, makeramics anoshanda zvakanaka mune akawanda mavharuvhu application.Zvisinei, ndiko kuomarara kwavo uye kushorwa kwegora kunobatsira pakugara kwenguva refu kwevhavha.Izvi zvinoderedzawo mari yehupenyu hwese nekudzikisa nguva yekutsiviwa kwezvikamu, kudzikisa mari yekushanda. uye inventory, kuderedza kushandiswa kwemaoko, nekuvandudza kuchengeteka kuburikidza nekudonha kushoma.
Kushandiswa kwezvinhu zveceramic mumagetsi e-high-pressure valves kwave kwenguva refu iri imwe yezvinonyanya kunetseka nokuti mavharuvhu aya ari pasi pepamusoro axial kana torsional loads.Zvisinei, vatambi vakuru vari mumunda iye zvino vari kugadzira magadzirirwo ebhora revhavha yekuvandudza motokari torque survivability.
Chimwe chidziviso chikuru saizi.Chigaro chikuru uye bhora rakakura (Figure 3) rakagadzirwa kubva magnesia partially stabilized zirconia are DN500 and DN250, respectively.Zvisinei, vazhinji vanotsanangura parizvino vanosarudza ceramics yezvikamu zvesaizi idzi.
Kunyange zvazvo zvinhu zveceramic zvino zvakaratidza kuva sarudzo yakakodzera, mamwe mazano ari nyore anofanira kuteverwa kuti awedzere kushanda kwavo.Ceramic zvinhu zvinongofanira kushandiswa kutanga kana zvichidiwa kuderedza mari.Makona akapinza uye kunyanya kunetseka kunofanira kudziviswa zvose mukati uye mukati. kunze.
Chero chipi nechipi chinogona kuwedzera kupisa kusawirirana kunofanirwa kutariswa panguva yekugadzira chikamu.Kuti uderedze hoop kushushikana, zvakakosha kuchengetedza ceramic kunze, kwete mukati.Pakupedzisira, kudiwa kwekushivirira kwejometri uye kupera kwepamusoro kunofanirwa kunyatsotariswa, seizvi. inogona kuwedzera yakakosha uye isingakodzeri mutengo.
Nekutevera iyi nhungamiro uye akanakisa maitiro ekusarudza zvinhu uye kuronga nevatengesi kubva pakutanga kwepurojekiti, mhinduro yakanaka inogona kuwanikwa kune yese yakakomba sevhisi application.
Ruzivo urwu rwunotorwa kubva muzvinyorwa, ongororo uye zvigadziriso zvinopihwa naMorgan Advanced Materials.
Morgan Advanced Materials - Technical Ceramics.(Mbudzi 28, 2019).Zvigadzirwa zveceramic zvepamusoro zvemashandisirwo ebasa.AZOM.Yakadzorerwa Ndira 14, 2022 kubva https://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=12305.
Morgan Advanced Materials – Technical Ceramics.”Advanced Ceramic Materials for Harsh Service Applications”.AZOM.Ndira 14, 2022..
Morgan Advanced Materials – Technical Ceramics.”Advanced Ceramic Materials for Harsh Service Applications”.AZOM.https://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=12305.(Yakasvika 14 Ndira 2022).
Morgan Advanced Materials - Technical Ceramics.2019. Advanced Ceramic Materials for Harsh Service Applications.AZoM, yakasvika 14 Ndira 2022, https://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=12305.
Mubvunzurudzo iyi, AZoM inotaura naMohamed Rahaman, Missouri University of Science and Technology Purofesa Emeritus weZvinhu Sainzi neUinjiniya, nezve bioceramics uye nekushandisa kwavo mu biomedical engineering.
AZoM yakataura naDr. Iolanda Duarte naJulian Moura pamusoro pekutsvakurudza kwavo, iyo inofunga nezvekuvapo kwemafuta e extremophile pane photovoltaic panels.
AZoM yakataura naProfessor Andrea Fratalocchi anobva kuKAUST nezve tsvagiridzo yake, iyo inotarisa pane yaimbove isingazivikanwe marasha.
Kushandiswa kusina kunaka kwegirisi kunogona kutungamirira kune kukundikana kwakawanda kwekutakura.Ne 40% yehupenyu hwekubereka husina kukwana kupa huinjiniya hunokosha, underlubrication uye overlubrication ndiyo nzvimbo dzinokosha dzekutarisa.LUBE Expert inokubvumira kushandisa mafuta akakodzera panzvimbo yakakodzera nguva chaiyo.
Iyi ndiyo JX Nippon Mining & Metals 'yakajairwa yakatenderedzwa foil yemhangura ine yakanakira kuchinjika uye kuramba vibration.
Anton Paar's XRDynamic (XRD) 500 is an automated multipurpose powder X-ray diffractometer.Iyo inoshanda uye inoshanda zvakasiyana-siyana XRD mudziyo.
Nguva yekutumira: Jan-15-2022
