Timagwiritsa ntchito makeke kuti tikulitse luso lanu.Mukapitiliza kusakatula tsamba ili mukuvomera kugwiritsa ntchito makeke.Zambiri.
Ntchito yaikulu ilibe tanthauzo lovomerezeka.Ikhoza kuganiziridwa kuti ikukamba za momwe ntchito zimakhalira pamene kusintha kwa valve kumakhala kokwera mtengo kapena kumachepetsa mphamvu ya ndondomeko.
Pali kufunikira kwapadziko lonse kuchepetsa ndalama zopangira ndondomeko kuti zipititse patsogolo phindu m'mafakitale onse okhudzana ndi mautumiki okhwima.Zomwezi zimachokera ku mafuta ndi gasi ndi mafuta a petrochemicals kupita ku nyukiliya ndi kupanga mphamvu, kukonza mchere ndi migodi.
Okonza ndi mainjiniya akugwira ntchito kuti akwaniritse izi m'njira zosiyanasiyana.Njira yoyenera kwambiri ndikuwonjezera nthawi yowonjezereka komanso yogwira ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito njira zoyendetsera ndondomeko monga kutsekedwa kogwira mtima ndi kuwongolera kayendedwe kabwino.
Kukhathamiritsa chitetezo kumakhalanso ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri, chifukwa kuchepetsedwa kochepa kungapangitse malo otetezeka kupanga.Kuonjezera apo, kampani ikuyesera kuchepetsa kuwerengera kwa zipangizo, kuphatikizapo mapampu ndi ma valve, ndi kugwiritsira ntchito kofunikira. Zotsatira zake, kuchulukitsitsa kochulukira kumadzetsa mapaipi ochepera (koma okulirapo) ndi zida zoyendera zomwezo komanso mita yocheperako.
Izi zikusonyeza kuti kuwonjezera pa kukhala okulirapo kwa ma diameter a mapaipi okulirapo, magawo amtundu uliwonse ayenera kupirira nthawi yayitali kumadera ovuta kuti achepetse kufunika kokonzanso ndikusintha m'malo.
Zigawo, kuphatikizapo ma valve ndi mipira, ziyenera kukhala zolimba kuti zigwirizane ndi ntchito yomwe ikufunidwa, komanso kupereka moyo wautali wautumiki. pezani njira zina m'malo mwa zinthu zosakhala zitsulo, makamaka za ceramic, zomwe zimafuna ntchito zambiri.
Zomwe zimafunikira kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito pazigawo zing'onozing'ono zomwe zimagwira ntchito ndi monga kutentha kwa kutentha, kukana kwa dzimbiri, kukana kutopa, kuuma, mphamvu ndi kulimba.
Kulimba mtima ndi gawo lofunikira popeza zigawo zocheperako zimatha kulephera mwatsoka.Kulimba kwa zinthu zadothi kumatanthauzidwa ngati kukana kufalitsa ming'alu.Nthawi zina zimatha kuyezedwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira yolowera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mtengo wapamwamba kwambiri.Kugwiritsa ntchito imodzi. -m'mbali mwa notch mtengo amapereka miyeso yolondola.
Mphamvu imakhudzana ndi kulimba, koma imatanthawuza ku mfundo imodzi yomwe chinthu chimalephera moopsa pamene kupsinjika maganizo kumagwiritsidwa ntchito. kuyeza pa bar yoyesera.Kuyesa kwa mfundo zitatu kumapereka 1% yamtengo wapatali kuposa mayeso anayi.
Ngakhale kuuma kungathe kuyesedwa pamiyeso yosiyanasiyana kuphatikizapo Rockwell ndi Vickers, Vickers microhardness scale ndi yoyenera kwa zipangizo zapamwamba za ceramic.
Mu ma valve omwe amagwira ntchito mozungulira, kutopa ndi vuto lalikulu chifukwa cha kutseguka kosalekeza ndi kutseka kwa valve.Kutopa ndiko malire a mphamvu kuposa zomwe chinthu chimakonda kulephera pansi pa mphamvu zake zokhazikika.
Kukaniza kwa dzimbiri kumadalira malo ogwiritsira ntchito komanso ma TV omwe ali ndi zinthu.Zinthu zambiri zapamwamba za ceramic zimaposa zitsulo m'derali, kupatulapo zida zina za zirconia zomwe "hydrothermally zimawononga" pamene zimakhudzidwa ndi nthunzi yotentha kwambiri.
Gawo la geometry, coefficient of thermal expansiation, kutentha kwa kutentha, kulimba, ndi mphamvu zonse zimakhudzidwa ndi kutentha kwa kutentha.Iyi ndi malo omwe amalimbikitsa kutenthedwa kwapamwamba komanso kulimba, choncho, mbali zachitsulo zimagwira ntchito bwino.Komabe, kupita patsogolo kwa zipangizo za ceramic tsopano kupereka milingo yovomerezeka ya kutentha kwamphamvu.
Zoumba zapamwamba zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zaka zambiri ndipo ndizodziwika pakati pa akatswiri odalirika, akatswiri opanga zomera ndi opanga ma valve omwe amafuna kuti azigwira ntchito kwambiri komanso amtengo wapatali.Malingana ndi zofunikira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamagulu oyenera mafakitale osiyanasiyana. za kufunikira m'munda wa mavavu okhwima a utumiki, ndipo amaphatikizapo silicon carbide (SiC), silicon nitride (Si3N4), alumina ndi zirconia.Valve ndi zida za mpira wa valve zimasankhidwa malinga ndi zofunikira za ntchito.
Pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya zirconia yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu mavavu omwe ali ndi coefficient yofanana ya kukula kwa matenthedwe ndi kuuma monga chitsulo. Magnesia pang'ono okhazikika zirconia (Mg-PSZ) ali apamwamba kwambiri matenthedwe mantha kukana ndi kulimba, pamene yttria tetragonal zirconia polycrystalline (Y-TZP) ) ndizovuta koma sachedwa kuwonongeka kwa hydrothermal.
Silicon Nitride (Si3N4) imapezeka m'mapangidwe osiyanasiyana.Gas Pressure Sintered Silicon Nitride (GPPSN) ndizomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pa ma valve ndi zigawo za valve, zomwe zimapereka kuuma kwakukulu ndi mphamvu, kukana kwambiri kutentha kwa kutentha ndi kukhazikika kwa kutentha kuphatikizapo kulimba kwapakati. Kuphatikiza apo, Si3N4 imapereka malo abwino olowa m'malo mwa zirconia m'malo otentha otentha, kuteteza kuwonongeka kwa hydrothermal.
Chifukwa cha ndalama zolimba, owonetsera amatha kusankha kuchokera ku SiC kapena Alumina.Zipangizo zonse ziwiri zimakhala ndi kuuma kwakukulu, koma sizili zamphamvu kuposa zirconia kapena silicon nitride.Izi zikuwonetsa kuti zipangizozi zimagwirizana bwino ndi ntchito za static chigawo monga ma valve bushings ndi mipando, osati mipira yopanikizika kwambiri kapena ma disc.
Zida za ceramic zapamwamba zimakhala ndi kulimba kocheperako komanso mphamvu zofananira kuposa zida zachitsulo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mavavu amphamvu, kuphatikiza chromium iron (CrFe), tungsten carbide, Hastelloy ndi Stellite.
Ntchito zowawa kwambiri zimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito ma valve ozungulira monga ma valve a butterfly, trunnions, ma valve oyandama a mpira ndi akasupe.Muzogwiritsira ntchito zoterezi, Si3N4 ndi zirconia zimapereka kukana kwa kutentha kwa kutentha, kulimba ndi mphamvu zolimbana ndi malo ovuta kwambiri. zakuthupi, moyo wautumiki wa zigawozo ndi wochuluka kangapo kuposa zigawo zazitsulo.Zopindulitsa zina zimaphatikizapo makhalidwe a valve pa moyo wake wothandiza, makamaka m'madera omwe kutseka ndi kulamulira kumasungidwa.
Izi zikuwonetsedwa pakugwiritsa ntchito 65 mm (2.6 mu) valve kynar / RTFE mpira ndi liner yowonekera ku 98% sulfuric acid ndi ilmenite, yomwe ikusandulika kukhala titanium oxide pigment. kutha mpaka masabata asanu ndi limodzi.Komabe, pogwiritsa ntchito valavu ya mpira (Chithunzi 1) chopangidwa kuchokera ku Nilcra!", Magnesia eni eni okhazikika pang'ono zirconia (Mg-PSZ) omwe amapereka kuuma kwambiri ndi kukana dzimbiri, amapereka ntchito yosasokoneza kwa zaka zitatu popanda aliyense. kuvala kowoneka.
Mu ma valve ozungulira omwe amaphatikizapo ngodya, ma valve a throttle kapena globe, zirconia ndi silicon nitride ndi oyenera pa pulagi ndi mpando chifukwa cha "mpando wolimba" wa zinthuzi. kusindikiza kungapezeke mwa kufananitsa mipira yopera pampando wa valve.
Kwa ma valve bushings, kuphatikiza pulagi ya ma valve, polowera ndi potulukira, kapena minyewa ya thupi, chilichonse mwazinthu zinayi zazikuluzikulu za ceramic zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kutengera zofunikira. moyo wa mankhwala.
Tengani, mwachitsanzo, valavu ya butterfly ya DN150 yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ku Australian bauxite refinery.Mawonekedwe apamwamba a silika a zofalitsa amatha kupangitsa kuti pakhale kuvala kwa valve bushings.Zingwe zoyambira ndi ma discs zidapangidwa ndi 28% CrFe alloy ndipo zidangogwiritsidwa ntchito 8 mpaka masabata a 10. Komabe, ndi ma valve opangidwa ndi Nilcra! "Zirconia (Chithunzi 2), moyo wautumiki unakula mpaka masabata 70.
Chifukwa cha kulimba ndi mphamvu zawo, zoumba za ceramic zimagwira ntchito bwino m'mapulogalamu ambiri a valve.Komabe, ndi kuuma kwawo ndi kukana kwa dzimbiri zomwe zimapangitsa kuti valve ikhale ndi moyo wautali. ndi kuwerengera, kuchepetsa kagwiridwe ka manja, ndi kukonza chitetezo kudzera kuchucha kochepa.
Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa zipangizo za ceramic muzitsulo zothamanga kwambiri kwakhala nthawi yaitali kukhala imodzi mwazovuta kwambiri chifukwa ma valvewa amakhudzidwa ndi axial kapena torsional loads.
Cholepheretsa china chachikulu ndi kukula.Mpando waukulu kwambiri ndi mpira waukulu kwambiri (Chithunzi 3) opangidwa kuchokera ku magnesia okhazikika pang'ono zirconia ndi DN500 ndi DN250, motero.
Ngakhale kuti zipangizo za ceramic tsopano zatsimikiziridwa kuti ndizosankha zoyenera, malangizo ena osavuta ayenera kutsatiridwa kuti apititse patsogolo ntchito yawo.Zinthu za ceramic ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito poyamba pamene kuli kofunikira kuchepetsa mtengo.Makona akuthwa ndi kupsinjika maganizo kuyenera kupeŵedwa mkati ndi mkati. kunja.
Kusagwirizana kulikonse komwe kungathe kuwonjezereka kwa kutentha kuyenera kuganiziridwa panthawi ya mapangidwe.Kuchepetsa kupanikizika kwa hoop, m'pofunika kusunga ceramic kunja, osati mkati.Potsirizira pake, kufunikira kwa kulolerana kwa geometric ndi kumaliza pamwamba kuyenera kuganiziridwa mosamala, monga izi. akhoza kuwonjezera ndalama zambiri komanso zosafunikira.
Potsatira malangizowa ndi njira zabwino zopangira zinthu ndikugwirizanitsa ndi ogulitsa kuyambira pachiyambi cha polojekiti, yankho labwino likhoza kukwaniritsidwa pa ntchito iliyonse yaikulu.
Zambirizi zimachokera kuzinthu, ndemanga ndi kusintha koperekedwa ndi Morgan Advanced Materials.
Morgan Advanced Materials - Technical Ceramics.(November 28, 2019).Zida zadothi zaukadaulo zamapulogalamu ofunikira kwambiri.AZOM.Idabwezedwa pa Januware 14, 2022 kuchokera ku https://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=12305.
Morgan Advanced Materials - Technical Ceramics."Advanced Ceramic Materials for Harsh Service Applications".AZOM.January 14, 2022..
Morgan Advanced Materials - Technical Ceramics."Zapamwamba Ceramic Materials for Harsh Service Applications".AZOM.https://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=12305.(Idafikira 14 Januware 2022).
Morgan Advanced Materials - Technical Ceramics.2019. Advanced Ceramic Materials for Harsh Service Applications.AZoM, yofikira pa 14 Januware 2022, https://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=12305.
M'mafunsowa, AZoM ikulankhula ndi Mohamed Rahaman, Missouri University of Science and Technology Pulofesa Emeritus of Materials Science and Engineering, za bioceramics ndi momwe angagwiritsire ntchito paukadaulo wa biomedical.
AZoM inalankhula ndi Dr. Iolanda Duarte ndi Juliane Moura za kafukufuku wawo, omwe amaganizira za kukhalapo kwa zomera za extremophile pazithunzi za photovoltaic.
AZoM idalankhula ndi Pulofesa Andrea Fratalocchi waku KAUST za kafukufuku wake, womwe umayang'ana kwambiri zinthu zomwe poyamba zinali zosadziwika bwino za malasha.
Kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta molakwika kungayambitse kulephera kwamafuta ambiri.Ndi 40% ya moyo wosakwanira wokwanira kupereka uinjiniya wamtengo wapatali, kudzoza ndi kudzoza ndi malo ofunikira kuti muyang'anire.LUBEExpert amakulolani kugwiritsa ntchito lubricant yoyenera pamalo oyenera pa nthawi yoyenera.
Ichi ndi chojambula chamkuwa cha JX Nippon Mining & Metals chokhala ndi kusinthasintha koyenera komanso kukana kugwedezeka.
Anton Paar's XRDynamic (XRD) 500 ndi automated multipurpose powder X-ray diffractometer.Ndi chipangizo cha XRD chothandiza komanso chosunthika.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jan-15-2022
