Peb siv cov ncuav qab zib los txhim kho koj cov kev paub dhau los.Los ntawm kev txuas ntxiv mus rau qhov chaw no koj pom zoo rau peb siv cov ncuav qab zib.Ntau cov ntaub ntawv.
Kev pabcuam hnyav tsis muaj kev txhais lus.Nws tuaj yeem xav tias yog xa mus rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm qhov kev hloov valve yog kim lossis txo cov txheej txheem muaj peev xwm.
Muaj kev xav tau thoob ntiaj teb los txo cov nqi tsim khoom los txhim kho cov txiaj ntsig hauv txhua qhov kev lag luam uas cuam tshuam nrog kev pabcuam hnyav.Cov no muaj xws li roj thiab roj thiab petrochemicals mus rau kev tsim hluav taws xob thiab hluav taws xob, kev ua ntxhia thiab mining.
Cov kws tsim qauv thiab cov kws tsim qauv ua haujlwm kom ua tiav qhov no hauv ntau txoj hauv kev.Qhov kev tsim nyog tshaj plaws yog txhawm rau nce sijhawm thiab ua haujlwm tau zoo los ntawm kev tswj xyuas cov txheej txheem tsis zoo xws li kev kaw haujlwm zoo thiab kev tswj xyuas kom zoo.
Kev txhim kho kev nyab xeeb kuj tseem ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb, vim tias kev hloov pauv tsawg dua tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev nyab xeeb ntau lawm ib puag ncig. Ntxiv rau, lub tuam txhab tseem tab tom sim txo qis cov khoom lag luam, suav nrog cov twj tso kua mis thiab cov li qub, thiab yuav tsum tau tuav. Tib lub sijhawm, cov tswv tsev xav tau. loj turnover ntawm lawv cov khoom muaj nqis.Vim li ntawd, kev ua kom muaj peev xwm ua rau tsawg dua (tab sis txoj kab uas hla loj dua) cov kav dej thiab cov khoom siv rau tib yam khoom ntws thiab tsawg dua meters.
Qhov no qhia tau hais tias ntxiv rau qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom loj dua rau cov kav dej dav dav, cov khoom siv hauv ib tus neeg yuav tsum tau tiv taus ntev ntev rau qhov chaw hnyav kom txo tau qhov kev xav tau ntawm kev pabcuam hauv kev pabcuam thiab hloov pauv.
Cheebtsam, suav nrog li qub thiab pob, yuav tsum muaj zog kom haum raws li qhov xav tau ntawm daim ntawv thov, tab sis kuj tseem muab kev pabcuam txuas ntxiv rau lub neej.Txawm li cas los xij, qhov teeb meem loj ntawm cov ntawv thov feem ntau yog cov khoom siv hlau tau mus txog qhov txwv ntawm lawv qhov kev ua tau zoo.Qhov no qhia tias cov neeg tsim khoom yuav nrhiav lwm txoj hauv kev rau cov ntaub ntawv tsis yog xim hlau, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov ntaub ntawv ceramic, rau kev thov kev pabcuam.
Cov kev tsis zoo uas yuav tsum tau ua los ntawm cov khoom siv hauv cov kev pabcuam hnyav muaj xws li thermal shock resistance, corrosion resistance, fatigue resistance, hardness, zog thiab toughness.
Resilience yog ib qho tseem ceeb parameter raws li cov resilient Cheebtsam uas tsis tshua muaj resilient tej yam yuav poob puas tsuaj.Lub toughness ntawm ib tug ceramic cov ntaub ntawv yog txhais raws li kev tiv thaiv rau tawg propagation. Qee zaum nws yuav ntsuas tau siv txoj kev indentation, uas ua rau ib tug zoo siab tus nqi.Siv ib leeg. -sided notch beam muab kev ntsuas qhov tseeb.
Lub zog muaj feem xyuam nrog kev ua kom tawv, tab sis yog hais txog tib lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov khoom siv tsis zoo thaum muaj kev ntxhov siab.Nws yog feem ntau hu ua "modulus of rupture" thiab ntsuas los ntawm kev siv peb-point lossis plaub-point flexural zog. kev ntsuas ntawm qhov ntsuas bar.Qhov kev ntsuas peb-point muab 1% cov nqi siab dua li qhov ntsuas plaub-point.
Txawm hais tias hardness tuaj yeem ntsuas tau ntawm ntau qhov ntsuas suav nrog Rockwell thiab Vickers, Vickers microhardness nplai tau zoo haum rau cov khoom siv ceramic siab.
Nyob rau hauv lub li qub uas ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv ib tug cyclic yam, qaug zog yog ib tug loj teeb meem vim lub nruam qhib thiab kaw ntawm lub valve.Fatigue yog lub chaw pib ntawm lub zog tshaj uas ib tug cov khoom nyhav poob qis dua nws lub zog flexural.
Kev tiv thaiv corrosion nyob ntawm qhov chaw ua haujlwm thiab cov xov xwm uas muaj cov khoom siv.Muaj ntau cov ntaub ntawv ceramic zoo tshaj cov hlau hauv cheeb tsam no, tshwj tsis yog qee cov ntaub ntawv zirconia-raws li "hydrothermally degrade" thaum raug kub-kub.
Ib feem geometry, coefficient ntawm thermal expansion, thermal conductivity, toughness, thiab lub zog yog tag nrho cov cuam tshuam los ntawm thermal shock.Qhov no yog ib qho chaw uas txhawb siab thermal conductivity thiab toughness, thiab yog li ntawd, cov hlau qhov chaw ua hauj lwm zoo.Txawm li cas los xij, kev nce qib hauv cov ntaub ntawv ceramic tam sim no. muab cov qib siab ntawm thermal shock resistance.
Advanced ceramics tau siv ntau xyoo thiab nrov ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm kev ntseeg siab, cov kws tsim khoom cog thiab cov neeg tsim qauv valve uas xav tau kev ua haujlwm siab thiab muaj txiaj ntsig.Raws li cov ntawv thov tshwj xeeb, muaj cov qauv sib txawv tsim nyog rau ntau yam lag luam.Txawm li cas los xij, plaub qib siab ceramics yog ntawm qhov tseem ceeb hauv thaj tsam ntawm kev pabcuam hnyav, thiab lawv suav nrog silicon carbide (SiC), silicon nitride (Si3N4), alumina thiab zirconia.Valve thiab valve pob cov ntaub ntawv raug xaiv raws li kev thov tshwj xeeb.
Muaj ob lub ntsiab ntawm zirconia siv nyob rau hauv li qub uas muaj tib coefficient ntawm thermal expansion thiab nruj raws li steel.Magnesia ib feem stabilized zirconia (Mg-PSZ) muaj lub siab tshaj plaws thermal shock kuj thiab toughness, thaum yttria tetragonal zirconia polycrystalline (Y-TZP) ) yog ib qho nyuaj, tab sis nws yooj yim rau hydrothermal degradation.
Silicon Nitride (Si3N4) yog muaj nyob rau hauv ntau formulations.Gas Pressure Sintered Silicon Nitride (GPPSN) yog cov khoom siv feem ntau siv rau li qub thiab valve Cheebtsam, muab siab hardness thiab lub zog, zoo heev thermal shock kuj thiab thermal stability ntxiv rau nruab nrab toughness. Tsis tas li ntawd, Si3N4 muab qhov tsim nyog hloov rau zirconia nyob rau hauv qhov chaw kub kub, tiv thaiv hydrothermal degradation.
Vim tias cov nyiaj siv nruj, cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb tuaj yeem xaiv los ntawm SiC lossis Alumina.Ob cov ntaub ntawv muaj qhov tawv tawv, tab sis tsis muaj zog tshaj zirconia lossis silicon nitride.Qhov no qhia tau hais tias cov ntaub ntawv no zoo haum rau cov khoom siv zoo li qub xws li valve bushings thiab rooj zaum, es tsis yog. siab dua pob los yog discs.
Cov ntaub ntawv ceramic siab muaj zog qis dua thiab muaj zog zoo sib xws li cov khoom siv hlau siv hauv cov kev pabcuam hnyav, suav nrog chromium hlau (CrFe), tungsten carbide, Hastelloy thiab Stellite.
Cov ntawv thov kev pabcuam hnyav suav nrog kev siv lub tshuab ua haujlwm xws li npauj npaim li qub, trunnions, ntab pob li qub thiab cov springs.In xws li daim ntaub ntawv, Si3N4 thiab zirconia muab thermal shock resistance, toughness thiab lub zog los tiv thaiv qhov hnyav tshaj qhov chaw.Vim lub hardness thiab corrosion kuj. ntawm cov khoom siv, kev pabcuam lub neej ntawm cov khoom siv yog ob peb zaug siab dua li ntawm cov khoom siv hlau.Lwm cov txiaj ntsig muaj xws li cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub valve dhau nws lub neej muaj txiaj ntsig, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv qhov chaw uas muaj peev xwm kaw thiab tswj tau.
Qhov no yog qhia nyob rau hauv daim ntawv thov ntawm 65 hli (2.6 nyob rau hauv) valve kynar/RTFE pob thiab liner raug rau 98% sulfuric acid thiab ilmenite, uas yog hloov dua siab tshiab rau titanium oxide pigment.Qhov kev txhoj puab heev ntawm nruab nrab txhais tau hais tias cov khoom no muaj peev xwm. kav ntev txog li rau lub lis piam.Txawm li cas los xij, siv lub pob valve trim (Daim duab 1) tsim los ntawm Nilcra! ntes tau hnav.
Nyob rau hauv linear li qub nrog rau lub kaum sab xis, throttle los yog lub ntiaj teb li qub, zirconia thiab silicon nitride yog haum rau ob leeg plug thiab lub rooj zaum vim "lub rooj nyuaj" xwm ntawm cov khoom.Ib yam li ntawd, txhuas oxide yuav siv tau nyob rau hauv ib co liners thiab tawb.A high degree ntawm kev sib khi tuaj yeem ua tiav los ntawm kev sib tsoo pob ntawm lub rooj zaum valve.
Rau valve bushings, nrog rau lub valve plug, inlet thiab qhov hluav taws xob, los yog lub cev bushings, ib qho ntawm plaub lub ntsiab ceramic cov ntaub ntawv yuav siv tau nyob ntawm seb daim ntawv thov yuav tsum tau.Qhov siab hardness thiab corrosion kuj ntawm cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev ua haujlwm thiab kev pabcuam. lub neej ntawm cov khoom.
Noj, piv txwv li, DN150 npauj npaim valve siv nyob rau hauv Australian bauxite refinery.Qhov siab silica cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov xov xwm yuav ua rau muaj siab hnav ntawm valve bushings.Cov thawj liners thiab discs yog ua los ntawm 28% CrFe alloy thiab tsuas yog siv rau 8 mus rau 10 lub lis piam.Txawm li cas los xij, nrog cov li qub ua los ntawm Nilcra!" Zirconia (Daim duab 2), lub neej kev pabcuam tau nce mus rau 70 lub lis piam.
Vim tias lawv cov tawv thiab lub zog, cov ceramics ua haujlwm zoo nyob rau hauv feem ntau cov ntawv thov valve.Txawm li cas los xij, nws yog lawv cov hardness thiab corrosion kuj uas ua rau lub neej ntev ntawm lub valve.Qhov no nyob rau hauv lem txo tag nrho cov nqi lifecycle los ntawm kev txo downtime rau hloov qhov chaw, txo nqi ua hauj lwm. thiab cov khoom muag, txo kev tuav tuav, thiab txhim kho kev nyab xeeb los ntawm kev xau tsawg.
Kev siv cov khoom siv ceramic nyob rau hauv lub siab-siab li qub tau ntev yog ib qho kev txhawj xeeb loj vim tias cov li qub no raug rau siab axial lossis torsional loads.Txawm li cas los xij, cov players loj hauv lub tshav pob tam sim no tab tom tsim lub pob valve los txhim kho kev tsav lub zog.
Lwm qhov kev txwv loj yog qhov loj.Lub rooj zaum loj tshaj plaws thiab cov pob loj tshaj plaws (Daim duab 3) ua los ntawm magnesia ib nrab stabilized zirconia yog DN500 thiab DN250, feem.Txawm li cas los xij, feem ntau cov specifiers tam sim no nyiam ceramics rau cov khoom ntawm cov ntau thiab tsawg.
Txawm hais tias cov ntaub ntawv ceramic tam sim no tau ua pov thawj tias yog qhov kev xaiv tsim nyog, qee cov lus qhia yooj yim yuav tsum tau ua raws li kev ua haujlwm kom siab tshaj plaws.Ceramic cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsum tsuas yog siv ua ntej thaum nws tsim nyog los txo tus nqi.Sharp fab thiab kev ntxhov siab yuav tsum tau zam ob qho tib si sab hauv thiab sab nraud.
Txhua qhov muaj peev xwm thermal expansion mismatch yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab thaum lub sij hawm tsim qauv.Yuav kom txo cov hoop kev nyuaj siab, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum khaws cov ceramic rau sab nraud, tsis yog sab hauv. Thaum kawg, qhov xav tau rau geometric tolerances thiab nto tiav yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo xav, raws li cov no. tuaj yeem ntxiv cov nqi tseem ceeb thiab tsis tsim nyog.
Los ntawm kev ua raws li cov lus qhia no thiab cov kev coj ua zoo tshaj plaws rau kev xaiv cov ntaub ntawv thiab kev sib koom tes nrog cov neeg xa khoom thaum pib ntawm qhov project, kev daws teeb meem zoo tshaj plaws tuaj yeem ua tiav rau txhua daim ntawv thov kev pabcuam loj.
Cov ntaub ntawv no yog muab los ntawm cov khoom siv, kev tshuaj xyuas thiab kev hloov kho los ntawm Morgan Advanced Materials.
Morgan Advanced Materials – Technical Ceramics.(Lub Kaum Ib Hlis 28, 2019). Cov khoom siv ceramic siab heev rau kev thov kev pabcuam.AZOM.Retrieved Lub Ib Hlis 14, 2022 los ntawm https://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=12305.
Morgan Advanced Materials - Technical Ceramics." Cov Khoom Siv Ceramic Advanced rau Cov Kev Pabcuam hnyav ".AZOM.January 14, 2022..
Morgan Advanced Materials – Technical Ceramics.” Advanced Ceramic Materials for Harsh Service Applications”.AZOM.https://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=12305.(Accessed 14 January 2022).
Morgan Advanced Materials – Technical Ceramics.2019. Advanced Ceramic Materials for Harsh Service Applications.AZoM, nkag mus rau 14 Lub Ib Hlis 2022, https://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=12305.
Hauv kev xam phaj no, AZoM tham nrog Mohamed Rahaman, Missouri University of Science thiab Technology xibfwb Emeritus of Materials Science thiab Engineering, txog bioceramics thiab lawv cov peev xwm siv hauv biomedical engineering.
AZoM tham nrog Dr. Iolanda Duarte thiab Juliane Moura txog lawv cov kev tshawb fawb, uas yuav siv sij hawm mus rau hauv tus account lub xub ntiag ntawm extremophile flora ntawm photovoltaic panels.
AZoM tau tham nrog xibfwb Andrea Fratalocchi los ntawm KAUST txog nws txoj kev tshawb fawb, uas tsom mus rau yav dhau los tsis paub txog cov thee.
Kev siv tsis raug ntawm cov roj tuaj yeem ua rau muaj ntau yam kabmob tsis ua haujlwm.Nrog 40% ntawm cov kabmob lub neej tsis txaus los muab nws cov txiaj ntsig engineering, underlubrication thiab overlubrication yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev soj ntsuam.LUBEexpert tso cai rau koj siv cov roj nplua nyeem nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm lub yog lub sijhawm.
Qhov no yog JX Nippon Mining & Hlau 'tus qauv dov tooj liab ntawv ci nrog qhov zoo tshaj plaws yooj thiab kev co kuj.
Anton Paar's XRDynamic (XRD) 500 yog ib qho khoom siv ntau hom hmoov X-ray diffractometer.
Post lub sij hawm: Jan-15-2022
